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1.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(6): 511-519, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-991697

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the levels of some liver enzymes, and especially alanine aminotransferase (ALT), might be correlatable with cardiometabolic risk factors. We investigated the relationship between ALT concentration and cardiometabolic risk factors among children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: This nationwide study in Iran was conducted within the framework of the fifth survey of a national surveillance program known as the Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable disease study (CASPIAN-V). METHODS: The participants comprised 4200 students aged 7-18 years, who were recruited through multi-stage random cluster sampling in 30 provinces in Iran. Physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted in accordance with standard protocols. RESULTS: Overall, 3843 students (participation rate: 91.5%) completed the survey. Mean ALT levels were significantly higher in individuals with dyslipidemia, in terms of elevated total cholesterol (TC) or LDL-cholesterol or triglycerides (TG), excess weight and dyslipidemia. Some cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with higher levels of ALT, with the following odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI):metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.013; 95% CI: 1.001-1.025); elevated TC (OR: 1.060; 95% CI: 1.039-1.081), elevated LDL (OR: 1.031; 95% CI: 1.016-1.046), elevated TG (OR: 1.056; 95% CI: 1.040-1.072) and dyslipidemia (OR: 1.051; 95% CI: 1.034-1.068). CONCLUSION: This large population-based study revealed that some cardiometabolic risk factors were significantly associated with ALT levels. These findings suggest that an association with fatty liver is an underlying mechanism for development of cardiometabolic risk factors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Triglycerides/blood , Urban Population , Blood Pressure , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Iran/epidemiology , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood
2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(4): 410-418, July-Aug. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954625

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: Low physical activity and sedentary behaviors, two important determinants of childhood obesity, may be influenced by parental lifestyle and weight status. This study aims to determine the association of parental weight status with children's physical activity and screen time. Methods: This study was conducted on 14,440 Iranian schools students, aged 7-18 years, and one of their parents, who participated in the large national school-based surveillance program. The children's screen-based and physical activities were evaluated based on the World Health Organization's Global School Student Health Survey. Children and parental height, weight, and waist circumference were measured using standardized methods. Results: Overall, 14,274 students and one of their parents completed the survey (participation rate: 99%). Mean (standard deviation) age of students was 12.3 (3.2) years, and the prevalence of low physical activity and high screen time was 58.2% and 17.7%, respectively. In multivariate model, the parental general obesity and abdominal obesity increased the odds of children having low physical activity, by 21% and 13%, respectively. Parental overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity increased the odds of the combination of low physical activity/high screen time in children by 33%, 26%, and 20%, respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that parental obesity was associated with increased screen-based activities and low physical activity in children. Focus on parental weight status, as an important factor influenced by their lifestyle, can be helpful for preventing sedentary behaviors in their children.


Resumo Objetivo: A baixa atividade física e comportamentos sedentários, dois importantes fatores determinantes de obesidade infantil, podem ser influenciados pelo estilo de vida e o status do peso dos pais. Este estudo visa a determinar a associação do status do peso dos pais no nível de atividade física e ao tempo de tela das crianças. Métodos: Este estudo foi feito em 14.440 estudantes de escolas iranianas, com idades entre 7-18 anos e um de seus pais inscritos no grande programa nacional de vigilância escolar. As atividades físicas e em tela das crianças foram avaliadas com base no questionário da Pesquisa Global de Saúde do Escolar da Organização Mundial de Saúde. A estatura, o peso e a circunferência da cintura das crianças e dos pais foram medidos com métodos padronizados. Resultados: De modo geral, 14.274 estudantes e um de seus pais concluíram a pesquisa (taxa de participação: 99%). A idade média (desvio padrão) dos estudantes foi 12,3 (3,2) anos e a prevalência de baixa atividade física e alto tempo de tela foi de 58,2% e 17,7%, respectivamente. Em um modelo multivariado, a obesidade geral dos pais e a obesidade abdominal aumentaram as chances de as crianças com baixo nível de atividade física em 21% e 13%, respectivamente. Sobrepeso dos pais, obesidade geral e obesidade abdominal aumentaram as chances de combinação de baixo nível de atividade física/alto tempo de tela nas crianças em 33%, 26% e 20%, respectivamente. Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou que a obesidade dos pais foi associada ao aumento nas atividades de tela e ao baixo nível de atividade física nas crianças. O foco no status do peso dos pais, como um importante fator influenciado por seu estilo de vida, pode ser útil na prevenção de comportamentos sedentários em seus filhos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Parents , Exercise , Sedentary Behavior , Obesity/epidemiology , Television/statistics & numerical data , Computers/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Video Games/statistics & numerical data , Iran/epidemiology , Obesity/etiology
3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 90(1): 85-91, jan-feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703629

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to simplify the diagnostic criteria of pre-hypertension (pre-HTN) and hypertension (HTN) in the pediatric age group, and to determine the accuracy of these simple indexes in a nationally-representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. METHOD: The diagnostic accuracy of the indexes of systolic blood pressure-to-height ratio (SBPHR) and diastolic BPHR (DBPHR) to define pre-HTN and HTN was determined by the area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curves. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 5,738 Iranian students (2,875 females) with mean (SD) age of 14.7 (2.4) years. The prevalences of pre-HTN and HTN were 6.9% and 5.6%. The optimal thresholds for defining pre-HTN were 0.73 in males and 0.71 in females for SBPHR, and 0.47 in males and 0.45 in females for DBPHR, respectively. The corresponding figures for HTNwere 0.73, 0.71, 0.48, and 0.46, respectively. In both genders, the accuracies of SBPHR and DBPHR in diagnosing pre-HTN and HTN were approximately 80%. CONCLUSIONS: BPHR is a valid, simple, inexpensive, and accurate tool to diagnose pre-HTN and HTN in adolescents. The optimal thresholds of SBPHR and DBPHR were consistent with the corresponding figures in other populations of children and adolescents with different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Thus, it is suggested that the use of these indexes can be generalized in programs aiming to screen elevated blood pressure in the pediatric age group. .


OBJETIVO: Este estudo visa simplificar os critérios de diagnóstico da pré-hipertensão (pré-HTA) e hipertensão (HTA) na faixa etária pediátrica e determinar a precisão desses índices simple sem uma amostra nacionalmente representativa de crianças e adolescentes iranianos. MÉTODO: A precisão diagnóstica dos índices de relação pressão arterial sistólica/altura (RPASA) e RPAA diastólica (RPADA) para definir a pré-HTA e HTA foi determinada pela área sob as curvas de características de operação do receptor. RESULTADOS: A população estudada contou com 5738 alunos iranianos (2875 meninas) com idade média (DP) de 14,7 (2,4) anos. A prevalência de pré-HTA e HTA foi 6,9% e 5,6%. Os limites ideais para a definição de pré-HTA foram 0,73 em meninos e 0,71 em meninas com relação à RPASA e 0,47 em meninos e 0,45 em meninas com relação à RPADA, respectivamente. Os valores correspondentes com relação à HTA foram 0,73, 0,71, 0,48 e 0,46, respectivamente. Em ambos os gêneros, a precisão de RPASA e RPADA no diagnóstico de pré-HTA e HTA foi de aproximadamente 80%. CONCLUSÕES: A RPAA é uma ferramenta válida, simples, barata e precisa no diagnóstico da pré-HTA e HTA em adolescentes. Os limites ideais de RPASA e RPADA foram compatíveis comos números correspondentes em outra população de crianças e adolescentes com diferentes históricos raciais e étnicos, assim, sugerimos que a utilização desses índices possa ser generalizada em programas de triagem com relação à PA elevada na faixa etária pediátrica. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Pressure/physiology , Hypertension/diagnosis , Prehypertension/diagnosis , Africa, Northern/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Body Height/physiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Middle East/epidemiology , Prevalence , Prehypertension/epidemiology , ROC Curve , Sampling Studies , Students
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